Availability and access to portable water in rural areas of Lesotho
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National University of Lesotho
Abstract
This study assessed the availability and accessibility of potable water in Thaba-Tseka, a
mountainous district in Lesotho. Despite Lesotho's status as a water-rich country, many
communities in Thaba-Tseka face significant challenges in accessing clean drinking water. Access
to potable water in Thaba-Tseka District, Lesotho, remains a significant challenge despite the
region's proximity to major water infrastructure projects like the Lesotho Highlands Water Project
(LHWP). The primary objective of studies in this area has been to examine the availability and
accessibility of potable water to the people of Thaba Tseka, to examine the challenges to water
accessibility to the people of Thaba Tseka and to propose possible solutions to improving water
access in Thaba Tseka. Findings indicate that many communities in Thaba-Tseka rely on
unprotected water sources, such as open wells and springs, which are susceptible to
contamination. This has led to frequent outbreaks of waterborne diseases, including diarrhea and
vomiting, particularly affecting children and vulnerable populations. Despite the presence of large
dams like Katse and Mohale, constructed under the LHWP to supply water to South Africa, local
communities often lack direct access to these water resources. Infrastructure intended to provide
clean water has been inadequately maintained, with damaged pipes and taps remaining unrepaired
for extended periods due to unclear responsibilities between the Lesotho Highlands Development
Authority (LHDA) and the Department of Rural Water Supply (DRWS). The studies conclude that
the lack of access to potable water in Thaba-Tseka is not solely due to physical scarcity but is
exacerbated by institutional shortcomings, inadequate maintenance of infrastructure, and
insufficient community engagement. The disconnect between large-scale water export projects and
local water needs highlights a disparity in resource allocation and prioritization.
Recommendations emphasize the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to water
resource management in Thaba-Tseka. This includes establishing clear accountability between
LHDA and DRWS for the maintenance and repair of water infrastructure, investing in the
rehabilitation and expansion of local water supply systems, and ensuring that a portion of the
revenues generated from water exports is allocated to improve water access for affected
communities. Additionally, community-based water management committees should be
empowered and trained to oversee local water resources, promoting sustainability and resilience.
Addressing these issues is crucial for improving public health, enhancing educational outcomes,
and fostering socio-economic development in Thaba-Tseka.