Pheku, Motlotla Agnes Lineo Rabethane2026-06-042026-06-042025https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14155/2284This study explores the roles and interactions of dual governance institutions, chieftainship and local community councils (LCCs)-in managing range resources in Qacha’s Nek district, Lesotho. Specifically, it focuses on the Range Management Area (RMA) programme and the traditional Maboeella system, examining their effectiveness before and after the 1997 decentralization reforms. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from structured surveys (n=90) with qualitative insights from key informant interviews and focus group discussions involving chiefs, councillors, and community members. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, whereas qualitative data were examined thematically using Taguette software. Overall, the findings reveal that while both governance institutions contribute to range resource management, traditional chieftainship continues to enjoy greater community trust due to its cultural legitimacy and grassroots presence. In contrast, although councillors are more aligned with formal policy structures, they often lack local influence and enforcement capacity. Consequently, the coexistence of these systems has led to overlapping roles, institutional friction, and limited coordination. Nevertheless, examples of effective collaboration demonstrate that clearly defined responsibilities and inclusive decision-making can enhance governance outcomes. Therefore, the study recommends the development of a hybrid governance model that integrates the strengths of bothsystems. This should be supported by improved communication, formalized collaboration frameworks, and legislative reforms to clarify roles and strengthen accountability. Ultimately, these insights offer practical guidance for harmonizing governance structures to promote sustainable natural resource management in Lesotho and similar contexts.en